CS6601 DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS UNIT I NOTES

CS6601 DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS

UNIT I INTRODUCTION

Definition:

A distributed system is one in which components located at networked computers

communicate and coordinate their actions only by passing messages.

Eg:

Internet and Intranet

Significant Consequences Of Distributed Systems:

Concurrency:

The capacity of the system to handle shared resources can be increased by adding more resources (for example. computers) to the network.

No global clock:

-          When programs need to cooperate they coordinate their actions by exchanging messages. Close coordination often depends on a shared idea of the time at which the programs’ actions occur.

-           But it turns out that there are limits to the accuracy with which the computers in a network can synchronize their clocks – there is no single global notion of the correct time.

Independent failures:

-          Faults in the network result in the isolation of the computers that are connected to it, but that doesn’t mean that they stop running. In fact, the programs on them may not be able to detect whether the network has failed or has become unusually slow.

-          the failure of a computer, or the unexpected termination of a program somewhere in the system (a crash), is not immediately made known to the other components

-          Each component of the system can fail independently, leaving the others still running.

Need for Distributed system:

-          To share resources

-          Sharing of hardware components such as disks and printers to software-defined entities such as files, databases and data objects of all kinds.

-          It includes the stream of video frames that emerges from a digital video camera and the audio connection that a mobile phone call represents.

Tightly coupled system :

-          Parrallel Computing

-          Single primary memory that is shared by all the processors

-          Communication between the processors take place through the shared memory

Loosely coupled system:

-          Processors do not shared memory and each processor has its own local memory

-          Communication between the processors is done by passing messages across network

MCA , BE/B.Tech recruitment

No. F. 3-47/2017-18/CIET (P &RD), Dated : 26.05.2017
Jr. Project Fellow /Project Associates job recruitment in Central Institute of Educational Technology- NCERT.

1. Jr. Project Fellow

Projects :

1. A study of ICT- Pedagogy integration approaches adopted by nominees of National ICT Award for School Teachers (13.02)

2. Development and Roll out of ICT Curriculum for Teachers and Teacher Educators (13.10)

3. Development of DMS at Model School for ICT -Pedagogy Integration (13.14)

4. Development of lab Area to demonstrate ICT Initiative (13.16)

No. of Post : 05

Qualification : Post Graduate in Science, Social Science, Humanities preferably in Education with 55% marks or equivalent Grade Knowledge of computer applications
Experience : Development of e-contents/MOOCs material Research work - collection and review of literature, preparation of research abstract, tools construction, data collection/field work, coding, categorizing and analysis of primary and secondary data.  Desirable: NET Good writing skill in English

Remuneration : Rs.14,000/- without NET & Rs.16000/- with NET

2. Project Associates

Project : 13.19 : Development and Management of National Repository for Open Educational Resources (NROER)

No. of Post : 02

Qualification : Post Graduate in Computer Science / IT/ MCA/MA in Educational Technology /MA (E-learning). or equivalent; B.Tech Computer Science with 55% marks or equivalent Grade Experience - Work experience of atleast one year (two years in case of B.Tech.) Skills in web design & maintenance of website, database management and e-content/Learning Management System (Drupal. Word Press, Moodie, Joomla etc.) Experience of independently working on html, Java scripts, PhP, CSS; Windows and Linux operating system., Desirable - Basic scripting (shell, Python, Perl - Selection Process will include a skill test. Qualifications for Academic  : Essential Qualification : Work experience of at least one year Post Graduate in Science, Social Science, Humanities preferably in Education with SS% marks or equivalent Grade Knowledge of computer applications. Experience: Development of e-contents/MOOCs material Research work - collection and review of literature, preparation of research abstract, tools construction, data collection/field work, coding, categorizing and analysis of primary and secondary data. Desirable: NET Good writing skill in English

Remuneration : Rs.20,000/-

Content Developer (Academic)
Project: Development & Management of National Repository for Open Educational Resources (NROER) (13.19)

No. of Post : 07

Qualification : Post Graduate in Computer Science/ ICT/ IT/ B.Tech/MCA/METCA or equivalent with 55% marks or equivalent Grade Experience - Work experience of at least one year (two years in case of B.Tech.) Skills in web design & maintenance of website, database management and e-content/Learning Management System or mobile app development Experience of independently working on html, Java scripts, PhP, CSS, Java & Jquery; Windows and Linux operating systems Desirable: Basic scripting (shell, Python, Perl).Selection Process will include a skill test
Remuneration : Rs.24,000

Graphic Artist
Project: Development & Management of National Repository for Open Educational Resources (NROER) (13.19)

No. of Post : 01

Qualification : Essential: Master degree in Fine Arts/Multimedia/ Graphic/Animations. Experience: Atleast one year experience In illustrations and diagrams in digital graphics Desirable: Experience of designing multimedia, graphics, animations, illustrations, campain materials etc. Skill of drawing illustrations and computer soft wares

Remuneration :  Rs.29,000/-

Age Limit : Below 30 yrs

Hiring Process : Face to Face Interview

Job Role : Research/JRF/SRF

How to apply

Those candidates who fulfill the above conditions should mail their Bio-data on or before 09.06.2017 at 5.00 p.m. (email ID- pmd.ciet@gmail.com ). Separate applications are to be submitted for each post applied. Only short listed candidates will be invited for the skills and interview.
Post Name/ Interview Date/Venue :

1. Jr. Project Fellow/ Date of Interview: 15.6.2017 at 10.00 a.m.  Venue:  Joint Director's Office, 2nd floor, Chacha Nehru Bhawan, (CIET), NCERT, Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi- 110 016.

2. Project Associates/ Date of Interview for Technical: 16.06.17, Venue: Joint Director's Office, 2nd floor, Chacha Nehru Bhawan, (CIET), NCERT, New Delhi-110 016.

3. Content Developer/ Date of Interview: 16.06.2017 at 10.00 a.m. , Venue: Director's Office, 2nd floor, Chacha Nehru Bhawa, (CIET), NCERT, Sri Aurobindo marg, New Delhi-110 016

4. Graphic Artist/ Date of Interview: 15.6.2017 at 10.00 a.m. Venue: Joint Director's Office, 2nd floor, Chacha Nehru Bhawan, (CIET), NCERT, Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi-110 016. 

Stenographer Grade – III recruitment

Memo No. 6586, Dated : 23-05-2017

Stenographer Grade – III  recruitment in E Courts - Narnaul District
Stenographer Grade II

No. of Post : 04 posts

Stenographer Grade –III

No. of Posts : 07 posts

Qualification :  

A degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science or equivalent thereto from a recognized University and has passed matriculation examination with Hindi as one of the subject.

Age : 

The minimum age limit of a candidate for appointment to the aforesaid posts shall be 18 years as on 01.01.2017

Hiring Process :  

Written-test

Job Role :  

Data Entry /Back Office

 

How to apply

The candidates shall also bring their original certificates. After passing out stenography test, they will be required to undergo test for proficiency in operation of computer (Word Processing and Spread Sheet). The application on plain paper with complete bio-data; educational qualifications; with two latest attested photographs; experience, if any, attested copies of the relevant documents / testimonials and one self addressed envelope properly stamped, should reach this trice on or before 14.06.2017 through registered post or by hand.

Assistant Professor job recruitment

Assistant Professor job recruitment in Shyam Lal College –University of Delhi.

Department/ No. of Post :

English /04

Hindi /06

Economics /05

Political Sc. /10

Commerce /16

Physics /08

Chemistry /03

Mathematics /06

Computer Science/ 04

Essential Qualifications for the post of Assistant Professor:

1. Good academic record as defined by the University with at least 55% marks (or an equivalent grade in a point scale whenever grading system is followed) at the Master’s Degree level in a relevant subject from the Indian University or an equivalent degree from an accredited foreign University.

2. Besides fulfilling the above qualifications, the candidate must have cleared the National Eligibility Test (NET) conducted by the UGC, CSIR.

Salary : 

         Pay Band of Rs.15600-39100, AGP Rs.6,000/-

Application Fee : 

         Rs.500/- for UR/OBC category. No application fee will be charged from applicants from SC, ST, PwD and Women Applicants. Fees once paid will not be refunded under any circumstances.

Hiring Process :  

        Written-test, Face to Face Interview

Job Role :

        Teacher / Trainer

How to apply

Application on the prescribed form must reach the Principal, ShyamLal College, G. T. Road, Shahdara,Delhi-110032 on or before 27th June 2017 complete in all respect with self attested copies of certificates, mark sheets, testimonials etc.

JRF Biological Science recruitmen

JRF Biological Science  recruitment in National Institute of Immunology (NII)Project Title :  
           “Centre for Molecular Medicine” funded by DBT
Qualifications : 
             M.Sc or equivalent degree in the Biological Sciences
No. of Post : 
              04
Emoluments : 
             Rs. 25,000
Fee :  
             Demand Draft of Rs 100/- drawn on Canara Bank or Indian Bank payable at Delhi/New Delhi in favour of the Director, NII

Hiring Process : 

            Written-test

Job Role : 

             Research/JRF/SRF

How to apply

Last date for receipt of applications is on 15th June, 2017 at National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi-11006.

Field Assistant job recruitment

Field Assistant job recruitment in Central Arid Zone Research Institute.

Name /No.of Post :

           Field Assistant/2

Essential Qualification Essential: 

           B. Sc. in Agriculture

Desirable: 

           Experience of working in farm, basic computer knowledge.

Emoluments :

           Rs. 15,000/- (Consolidated) per month

Place of posting : 

           Rajwa (1) & Gantiyala (1) of Popawas

Hiring Process :  

           Walk - In

Job Role :

           Research/JRF/SRF

How to apply

          Walk in Interview will be held on 17.6.2017 at 11.00 AM.

Venue :  

          Dr. Vijay Avinashilingam, N.A., Sr. Scientist & PI, Division of TOT, Training & Production Economics, ICAR- Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Light Industrial Area, Jodhpur – 342 003 (Raj.)

SRF Life Sciences recruitment

SRF Life Sciences recruitment in National Institute of Immunology (NII)
Project Title : 
       “Centre for Molecular Medicine” funded by DBT
Qualifications :  
           M.Sc/M.Tech in Life Sciences with two years of research experience.
No. of Post : 
            04
Emoluments :  
          Rs. 28,000
Fee :  
          Demand Draft of Rs 100/- drawn on Canara Bank or Indian Bank payable at Delhi/New Delhi in favour of the Director, NII

Hiring Process :  

         Written-test

Job Role :  

          Research/JRF/SRF

  

How to apply 

 

Last date for receipt of applications is on 15th June, 2017 at National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi-11006.

Dock Pilot Recruitment

Dock Pilot recruitment in Kolkata Port Trust on Contract Basis

Qualification: B.Sc. Nautical Science, 2nd Mate, 1st Mate or equivalent in Navy, Cost Guard.

Age:  No bar

Selection methodology: Selection will be through Written test and Interview.

Pay Scale :  Rs. 25000

Hiring Process : Written-test, Face to Face Interview

Job Role : HR / Admin

How to apply

 Interested candidates may apply in the enclosed proforma with one recent passport size photograph and self-certified photocopies of relevant certificates / testimonials. Application in sealed envelope super scribed “Application for contractual engagement of Dock Pilot”, should reach the office of 
Sr. Dy. Manager(P&IR), 
Haldia Dock Complex,
 Jawahar Tower Connector Building, 
P.O.-Haldia Township, Dist.-Purba Medinipur, 
PIN – 721607, 

by June 30th, 2017. 
 

JRF Recruitment

Advertisement No. 05/2017-HRD, Date : 19.05.2017

JRF Biotechnology recruitment in CSIR-NEIST on temporary basis

JRF

Post Code : 1
Qualification : MSc (Agri) / MSc / BTech, in Biotechnology / Molecular Biology I Biochemistry / Life Science. Candidate with Higher qualification may also apply.
No. of Post : 01
Remuneration :  For NET Qualified: Rs. 25000/- + 10% HRA pm for 1st & 2nd Year and Rs. 28000/- + 10% HRA pm for 3rd year. For non-NET candidate: Rs. 12000/- + 10% HRA pm for 1st & 2nd Year and Rs. 14000/- + 10% HRA pm for 3rd year.

JRF

Post Code : 2
Qualification :  M.SC in Biotechnology
No. of Post : 01
Remuneration : Rs. 25,000/-

JRF

Post Code : 3
Qualification :  M.Sc Bioinformatics/ Biotechnology
No. of Post : 01
Remuneration : Rs. 12,000

Traineeship

No. of Post : 01
Qualification : M.Sc in Biotechnology/ Life Sciences/Bioinformatics
Remuneration : Rs.8,000

Studentship

No. of Post : 01
Qualification : Pursuing M.Sc in Biotechnology/ Life Sience/Bioinformatics
Remuneration : Rs.8,000

Age : 28 yrs

Hiring Process : Walk - In

Job Role : Research/JRF/SRF

 

How To  Apply 

 

Interested candidates having the  qualifications may like to appear in the Walk-in-Interview will be held on 02-06-2017. Candidates are requested to bring with them all ORIGINAL TESTIMONIALS including Mark sheets and Certificates and also a Photograph to appear for the interview, failing which there candidature may not be considered The selected candidates are expected to join immediately upon selection. Venue: Conference Room, 1st Floor Administrative Bldg, CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, Assam 

JRF Home Science recruitment

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University is a leading agrotechnology provider of India and its graduates are recognized throughout the world. Though the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU) came into being on June 1, 1971, it had its genesis from establishment of an Agricultural School at Saidapet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India as early as 1868 which was later relocated at Coimbatore during 1906. The University is offering Thirteen Undergraduate Degree Programs, Forty Graduate Degree Programs and Twentysix Doctoral Programs in 11 Colleges distributed in eight campuses all over Tamil Nadu. Besides, the University has 36 Research Stations for agrotechnology development and 14 Farm Science Centers for outreach

JRF Home Science recruitment in Tamil Nadu Agricultural University
Title                  : IDRC scaling up of small millet post harvest and nutritious food products
Qualification    : B.Tech. (FPE/EEE), B.Sc. (Home Science/ Agri./ ABM)
No. of Post       : 01

Remuneration  : Rs. 16,000

Hiring Process : Walk - In

Job Role           : Research/JRF/SRF

Anna university Recruitment 2017

Anna University released new notification on their official website for the recruitment of 03 Junior Research Fellow, Analyst and field assistant. Job seekers should apply before 19^th June 2017.
Govt Department:- Anna University
Job Name:- Junior Research Fellow, Analyst
Posting:- Tamil Nadu
Application date:- 19^th June 2017
Junior Research Fellow:- 01 vacancy

• Qualification:- Aspirants who wanted to participate for Junior Research Fellow should have PHD / ME / M.Sc. in environmental science.
• Salary Structure:- Rs 25000/- Per Month

Analyst:- 01 vacancy

• Qualification:- Aspirants who wanted to participate for Analyst should have M.Sc. in chemistry / M.Sc. in environmental science / BE in environmental engineering.
• Salary Structure:- Rs  12000/- Per Month

Age Limit:- As Per Company Norms.
Selection Process:- personal Interview and last step will be documents verification.
How to apply for recruitment Anna University 2017:- Applicants may apply in prescribed application form along with attested copies of all certificates send to the Director, Centre for environment studies, college of engineering guindy, Anna University, Chennai or email to directorcesau@gmail.com on or before 19^th June 2017.
Important Dates to remember:-

• Closing Date: 19/06/2017

NHAI Recruitment 2017

Deputy Manager Job Vacancies Details:

Organization Name: National Highways Authority of India

Employment Category: Central Govt Jobs

Total No. of Vacancies: 40

Job Location: Delhi

Name of the Post & No of Vacancies:

1. Deputy Manager - 40

Eligibility Criteria for NHAI Deputy Manager Jobs 2017

Educational Qualification:

Candidates who have completed Bachelor Degree in Civil Engineering or equivalent from a recognized Institute are Eligible to apply NHAI Recruitment 2017

Age Limit: (As on 31.07.2017)

Candidate’s Age Limit Should not exceed 30 Years. The Upper age limit is relaxed by 5 years for SC/ST; 3 years for OBC, 10 Years for Persons with Disabilities (15 years for SC/ST PWD’s & 13 years for OBC PWD’s) and for Ex-S as per Govt. of India rules. Candidates Relaxation in Upper Age limit will be provided as per Govt. Rules. Go through NHAI official Notification 2017 for more reference

Pay Scale: Rs. 15,600 - 39,100/- With 5400/- Grade Pay

Selection Procedure for NHAI Deputy Manager

Selection Procedure: Gate Score, Interview

 

How to apply for NHAI Deputy Manager Recruitment 2017:  

Candidates satisfying the above eligibility conditions Use Following Procedure Given Below to Apply Online:

1. Go to NHAI careers page at www.nhai.org

2. Read the Advertisement carefully to be sure about your eligibility

3. Click on the link New Registration

4. Fill up all the required fields

5. Ensure the information provided is correct

6. Submit the application &

7. Take a print out of NHAI Recruitment 2017 online application form

8. Hard Copies of the signed application (registered online) along with photocopies of (i) ID proof (ii) Proof of Date of Birth (iii) Educational Certificates: Mark-Sheets/Degree Certificate (iv) Caste (v) e-Receipt for fee payment as applicable and attested copies of relevant documents should be addressed to “M.N.Ghei Deputy General Manager (HR/Admn.-II) National Highways Authority of India G-5 & 6, Sector-10 Dwarka, New Delhi - 110 075” by post so as to reach us by 31.07.2017. Envelope must be super-scribed with “APPLICATION FOR THE POST OF “…………….”

Important Dates for NHAI Deputy Manager Recruitment 2017: 

1. Starting Date for Submission of Online Application: 25.05.2017

2. Last date for Submission of Online Application: 31.07.2017

3. Last Date of Receipt of the Printout of Online Applications Form: 31.07.2017

 

Maharashtra Bank Recruitment 2017

Part Time Sub Staff Job Vacancies Details:

Organization Name: Maharashtra Bank

Employment Category: Central Govt Jobs

Total No. of Vacancies: 450

Job Location: All over India

Name of the Post & No of Vacancies:

Part Time Sub Staff - 450

1. Andhra Pradesh: 08

2. Assam: 04

3. Bihar: 09

4. Chandigarh: 01

5. Chattisgarh: 20

6. Dadra & Nagar Haveli: 01

7. Daman & Diu: 01

8. Delhi: 13

9. GOA: 05

10. Gujarat: 12

11. Haryana: 10

12. Himachal Pradesh: 01

13. Jammu & Kashmir: 01

14. Jharkhand: 02

15. Karnataka: 13

16. Kerala: 07

17. Madhya Pradesh: 35

18. Maharastra: 221

19. Manipur: 01

20. Nagaland: 01

21. Orissa: 05

22. Punjab: 14

23. Rajasthan: 16

24. Tamil Nadu: 10

25. Telangana: 06

26. Uttar Pradesh: 29

27. Uttaranchal: 01

28. West Bengal: 03

Eligibility Criteria for Maharashtra Bank Part Time Sub Staff Jobs 2017

Educational Qualification:

Candidates who have completed 10th or equivalent from a recognized Institute are Eligible to apply Maharashtra Bank Recruitment 2017

 

Age Limit:

Candidate’s Age Limit Should be minimum 18 Years and Maximum 33 Years. The Upper age limit is relaxed by 5 years for SC/ST; 3 years for OBC, 10 Years for Persons with Disabilities (15 years for SC/ST PWD’s & 13 years for OBC PWD’s) and for Ex-S as per Govt. of India rules. Candidates Relaxation in Upper Age limit will be provided as per Govt. Rules. Go through Maharashtra Bank official Notification 2017 for more reference

Pay Scale: Rs. 18545 /-

Selection Procedure for Maharashtra Bank Part Time Sub Staff

Selection Procedure: Written Exam, Interview

How to apply for Maharashtra Bank Part Time Sub Staff Recruitment 2017:  

Candidates satisfying the above eligibility conditions Use Following Procedure Given Below to Apply Online:

1. Go to Maharashtra Bank careers page at www.bankofmaharashtra.in

2. Read the Advertisement carefully to be sure about your eligibility

3. Click on the link New Registration

4. Fill up all the required fields

5. Ensure the information provided is correct

6. Submit the application &

7. Take a print out of Maharashtra Bank Recruitment 2017 online application form

Important Dates for Maharashtra Bank Part Time Sub Staff Recruitment 2017: 

1. Starting Date for Submission of Online Application: 22.05.2017

2. Last date for Submission of Online Application: 05.06.2017

3. Date of Written Examination: July/Aug 2017

CCRAS Recruitment 2017

Senior Consultant, Senior Research Fellow, Pharmacist & Data Manager Job Vacancies Details:

Organization Name: Dr. A. Lakshmepathi Research Centre for Ayurveda

Employment Category: Central Govt Jobs

Total No. of Vacancies: 06

Job Location: Chennai (Tamil Nadu)

Name of the Post & No of Vacancies:

1. Senior Consultant - 02

2. Senior Research Fellow - 01

3. Pharmacist - 01

4. Driver - 02

Eligibility Criteria for CCRAS Senior Consultant, Senior Research Fellow, Pharmacist & Data Manager Jobs 2017

Educational Qualification:

1. Senior Consultant

Essential: Preferably a retired Avurveda Doctor from anv Central Govt/State Govt with M.D/M.S (Ay) from any recognized university. OR M.D./M.S. (Ay) from any recognized university with experience.

Desirable: Computer knowledge i.e. MS Office. Excel

2. Senior Research Fellow

Essential: B.AM.S Decree from anv recognized university. Desirable: (Experience as oer EMR guidelines of Ministry o f AYUSH is as under). Preference will be given to those who possess higher qualification or who have previous research experience i.e. having worked for any research project funded by the Ministry of AYUSH, ICMR, CSIR, DST or equivalent organization, and Computer knowledge

3. Pharmacist

Essential- Diploma in Pharmacv/ D. Pharm (Av.) from a recognised university / Institution with two years’ experience in recognised Ayurvedic hospital OR B. pharm (Ay)

4. Driver - S S C /10th pass Valid Driving Licence for Light and Heavy Vehicles and Experience for about two years in the line.

Age Limit:

Candidate’s Age Limit Should not exceed (For Post 1 - 65 Years), (For Post 2 - 35 Years), (For Post 3, 4 - 27 Years). Go through CCRAS official Notification 2017 for more reference

Pay Scale:

1. Senior Consultant -Rs. 50000/- (Per Month)

2. Senior Research Fellow - Rs. 28000/- (Per Month)

3. Pharmacist - Rs. 16000/- (Per Month)

4. Driver - Rs. 16000/- (Per Month)         

Selection Procedure for CCRAS Senior Consultant, Senior Research Fellow, Pharmacist & Data Manager

Selection Procedure: Written test, Interview

How to apply for CCRAS Senior Consultant, Senior Research Fellow, Pharmacist & Data Manager Recruitment 2017:  

Eligible Candidates advised to Download and read CCRAS Job notification to get aware of recruitment schedule and venue from official website 05 to 07.06.2017 at 09:30 AM. Candidate must reach advertised venue (Address & Walk in Date Mentioned in Official Notification) with all original document and Xerox copies, filled in application form (if required)

Important Dates for CCRAS Senior Consultant, Senior Research Fellow, Pharmacist & Data Manager Recruitment 2017: 

Date of Walk in Interview: 05.06.2017 to 07.06.2017 at 09:30 AM